Municipal wastewater, or sewage, comes from homes, businesses, and industries, containing a mix of domestic waste, street runoff, and industrial effluents. Untreated wastewater poses severe environmental risks, including water pollution, ecosystem damage from nutrient overloads leading to algal blooms, and significant health hazards due to pathogens. Effective water treatment processes, such as physical, chemical, and biological methods, are essential to mitigate these impacts. By removing contaminants, reducing nutrient levels, and neutralizing pathogens, treatment plants ensure discharged water is safe for the environment and public health. These systems play a crucial role in protecting ecosystems, maintaining water quality, and promoting sustainable urban development, ultimately safeguarding water resources for future generations.
